Ethical considerations are paramount in eHealth and informatics research, particularly when dealing with human subjects. Peer reviewers play a crucial role in ensuring that research adheres to the highest ethical standards. Therefore, one of the main responsibilities of a reviewer is to carefully scrutinize studies and verify that they have conducted their human subjects research ethically.
One of the most identifiable ways to confirm ethical research is to assess if a study was evaluated by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) (also known as Research Ethics Committee, or REC) and received approval, exemption, waiver of consent, or a comparable assessment outcome. Said process also includes ensuring that informed consent has been obtained from all participants (or waived by the IRB/REC). This would mean that the participant fully comprehends the nature of the research and its potential risks and benefits, the participant has the capacity to provide their consent (e.g., they are not impaired in their capacity to give consent), and they are participating voluntarily and have the right to withdraw at any time.
Protecting participant privacy and confidentiality is another key concern. Reviewers should assess the measures taken to safeguard sensitive data, such as de-identification techniques and secure data storage. Research involving vulnerable populations, such as children or individuals with cognitive impairments, requires special attention. Careful evaluation of whether or not additional safeguards have been implemented is needed, in order to protect these individuals and ensure their rights are respected.
When in doubt, researchers and investigators conducting any research involving human subjects can check with their IRB/REC for relevant policies and guidance. National-level regulations and policies sometimes can specify which types of studies require IRB/REC approval as well. Every researcher should be aware of applicable institutional or national policies in the global regions where their research is conducted, not only where their institutional affiliations are based. Finally, human subjects research carried out by industry-affiliated researchers also should adhere to the same standards of ethical conduct.
Summary
By meticulously evaluating these ethical aspects, reviewers contribute to the responsible and ethical conduct of research in the field of eHealth and informatics. Their diligence helps to protect the rights and well-being of human subjects and ensures that research is conducted in a manner that upholds the highest ethical standards. Safeguarding human subjects in research is paramount for maintaining trust and integrity in the scientific progress, and eHealth and informatics research must uphold these ethical standards without exception.